If you continue to have DataTraveler start up issues, you may need to disable or upgrade any third party hard disk encryption software. There are known compatibility issues with Guardian Edge Encryption Plus Hard Disk (EPHD) software and Kingston's secure USB drives. Please contact Guardian Edge for additional information.
FAQ: KDT-011411-PRV-01Unfortunately Apple made changes in their update to the MacOS that disabled the function of this drive. Since this drive is discontinued, we will have no fix for it. Our apologies for any inconvenience this may cause you.
FAQ: KDT-120611-DTLPlus-01This DataTraveler requires two consecutive drive letters AFTER the last physical disk that appears before the ‘gap’ in drive letter assignments (see figure below). This does NOT pertain to network shares because they are specific to user-profiles and not the system hardware profile itself, thus appearing available to the OS.
What this means is, Windows may assign the DataTraveler a drive letter that’s already in use by a network share or Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path, causing a drive letter conflict.If this happens, please consult your administrator or help desk department on changing drive letter assignments in Windows Disk Management (administrator privileges required.)
In this example, the DataTraveler uses drive F:, which is the first available drive letter after drive E: (the last physical disk before the drive letter gap.)Because letter G: is a network share and not part of the hardware profile, the DataTraveler may attempt to use it as its second drive letter, causing a conflict.
If there are no network shares on your system and the DataTraveler still won’t load, it is possible that a card reader, removable disk, or other previously-installed device is holding on to a drive-letter assignment and still causing a conflict.
Please note that Drive Letter Management, or DLM, has improved significantly in Windows XP SP3, Vista, and 7, so you may not come across this issue, but if you are unable to resolve the conflict, please contact Kingston’s Technical Support Department for further assistance.
FAQ: KDT-011411-PRV-02This drive is designed to be 100% encrypted. The security is build into the drive and cannot be removed or disabled.
FAQ: KDT-012914-PRV-04If you continue to have DTLocker+ startup issues, you may need to disable or upgrade any third party hard disk encryption software. There are known compatibility issues with GuardianEdge Encryption Plus Hard Disk (EPHD) software and Kingston's secure USB drives. Please contact Guardian Edge for additional information.
FAQ: KLP-012210-2To transfer files larger than 4GB, the DataTraveler must have a NTFS or exFAT file system. Unfortunately, the FAT32 file system is not capable of handling a single file larger than 4GB (to be exact, one byte less than 4GB). Follow the steps below to format the DataTraveler with an NTFS File system:
Warning, all data on the DataTraveler will be lost! Please backup the data on the DataTraveler before proceeding.
Be aware MacOS 10.6.5 will support full read and write access to exFAT formatted drives. MacOS still has read only access to NTFS formatted drives.
Some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read NTFS or exFAT file systems.
Also Windows XP and Vista will require an update in order to access exFAT.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-05Unplug the other USB device, insert the DataTraveler drive and restart the system. After the DataTraveler is configured you should then be able to connect the other USB device.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-15Some of the flash storage device's listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions and thus is not available for data storage, therefore you will not see the full capacity.
When a flash storage device is manufactured, steps are taken to ensure that the device operates reliably and permits the host device (computer, digital camera, PDA, etc.) to access the memory cells; i.e., to store and retrieve data on the flash storage device. These steps, loosely called "formatting," utilize some of the memory cells within the device and thus reduce the capacity available for data storage by the end-user.
Formatting includes the following operations:
Operating System | exFAT support | Patch download |
Windows 7 | Supported natively | |
Windows Vista | Requires update to Service Pack 1 or 2 (both supports exFAT) | Download Service Pack 1 (with exFAT support) Download Service Pack 2 (with exFAT support) |
Windows XP (Service Pack 2 or 3) |
Requires exFAT patch update | Must have Service Pack 2 or 3 installed to use this update Download exFAT patch update |
Mac OS X | Requires Mac OS X version 10.6.6 and above |
KGF-022811-GEN-02
FAQ: KGF-022811-GEN-02This is due to a power limitation. Though some USB devices may work fine in these USB ports, 2.0 USB High Speed devices seem to require more power. In order to resolve this issue, you will need to insert the DataTraveler directly into one of the main USB ports. These USB ports are usually located in the back of the tower. If these ports are difficult to access we recommend a 3ft USB extension cable.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-09This is a limitation of the file system. In order to transfer more data to this unit, you will need to remove the current data on the drive and create folders on the drive to copy files to. Once this is done, you should be able to transfer more data to the Data Traveler.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-12This usually is caused by a program that re-partitions the drive to a smaller capacity it can use. Windows native format utility is usually not able to restore the capacity. We suggest you search online for a third party format utility.
FAQ: KTD-012711-GEN-26You may have formatted the drive with an exFAT file system while using Windows 7. In order to resolve, reformat the drive with the FAT32 or NTFS file system. You may also be able to update your operating system to be compatible with exFAT. But be aware some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read exFAT file system.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-10This may be due to a power setting for your USB ports. Here are the steps to change this setting:
Because the DataTraveler is 32GB or larger, Windows 7 will not allow you to format it FAT32. You will have to convert it using a Command Prompt. Click on Start>Run and type in CMD and click on the OK button. On the command prompt type the following (see image). Where F is your drive letter for your drive, replace it with what ever yours is. Please take notice of the spaces in between.
Windows assigns new drives to the next available physical drive. It will sometimes take the same drive letter as a network drive for this reason. This is a common problem with removable storage devices.
To resolve this go to control panel>administrative tools>computer management. Note the drives on the right window pane. See if the Kingston (x) is recognized. (x) denotes the drive letter that Windows assigned for the Data Traveler.
If the DataTraveler is using the same drive letter as one of the other drives, right click the Kingston Drive letter and click on "Change Drive letter and Paths".
On the next dialog box click on the "Change" button and assign a drive letter that is not currently being used.
Note: Do not manually change drive letters if you have a "Privacy" Data traveler that assigns two drive letters for the device.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-03We've seen this when security software blocks the users ability to write to CD/DVD's. Run gpedit.mscand go to Windows settings>security setting>local policies>security options and make sure Devices: Restrict CD-ROM access to locally logged-on user only is set to disabled.
Also, too many entries for mounted devices in older computers can cause this problem. When all the entries cleared the drive should work again. To do this, go to start and type regedit in the search field. Make sure to back up your registry before making any changes. Here are instructions for backing up your registry.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Back-up-the-registry
In the directory list on the left side, find the entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\MountedDevices. Remove all entries except for default (it won't let you anyway).
You can also look at Device Manager when the Data Traveler is connected to see if the drive comes up with any yellow exclamation marks. Uninstalling the device with the exclamation mark and scanning for new hardware sometimes will work as well. You may want to try this even if you do not see any yellow exclamation marks for this device. You will need to run the uninstall as the Admin to be able to perform this while logged-in as a non-Admin.
Also check the setting for your security programs (Norton, Symantec, etc).
FAQ: KDT-121311-PRV-03Follow the steps below to format the DataTraveler with an NTFS File system using Windows PC.
Note: Admin rights are required.
The Kingston (Removable) drive window will display "Formatting" while the drive is being formatted. Once the format is complete, the status will revert to "Healthy."
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-17ReadyBoost is a Windows Vista and Windows 7 feature which has the ability to utilize USB flash drive storage space to improve system performance. The DataTraveler does not support Windows ReadyBoost.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-11Unfortunately none of Kingston Data Travelers are supported in Windows ME.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-21There are several possible reasons why your DataTraveler is not installing on Windows Vista.
a) Windows\Inf
c) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\
d) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\usbstor.inf_...
e) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\disk.inf_...
f) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\volume.inf_...
g) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\wpdfs.inf_...
h) Windows\System32\Spool\Drivers
Change Legacy USB support in the BIOS to Disabled (or the opposite of what it is set at currently).
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-23In order to resolve you will need to edit the Registry. If you are not careful you could cause serious damage to the computer. Now, go to your Start button and then go to Run. Type in the word, "regedit", and click OK. Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD\IOS and in the right pane find the word, "noide". Delete this entry, save changes then reboot the system.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-24This is a common Windows XP issue caused by a drive letter conflict. In configurations where the network drive letter(s) follow physical drive letters, Windows XP may assign newly inserted flash drives a drive letter that is already taken by a network share. For this reason, you need two free consecutive drive letters available after physical drive letters (such as system partition, and optical drives).
Administrative Users:
This is a common Windows XP issue caused by a drive letter conflict. In configurations where the network drive letter(s) follow physical drive letters, Windows XP may assign newly inserted flash drives a drive letter that is already taken by a network share. For this reason, you need two free consecutive drive letters available after physical drive letters (such as system partition, and optical drives).
Non-Administrative Users:
By default, non-administrative users cannot change drive letters for flash drives. Contact your IT department for assistance.
Windows may not recognize the MacOS Extended or Standard file system. To resolve, format the drive in MacOS DOS so that it can be used in both environments.
WARNING: Formatting will erase all of the data on the DataTraveler. Back up your data before proceeding.
Be aware MacOS 10.6.5 will support full read and write access to exFAT formatted drives. So formatting the drive using exFAT file system may also resolve this problem. MacOS still has read only access to NTFS formatted drives.
Some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read NTFS or exFAT file systems.
Also Windows XP and Vista will require an update in order to access exFAT.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-18To resolve, make sure to insert the drive directly into the USB ports located on the computer. The USB ports found on the keyboard and some hubs may not supply sufficient power to properly operate the Kingston DataTraveler. Also, go to Finder>Preferences>Sidebar to ensure CD, DVD and iPod and External Disks are checked.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-18In Macs you first have to empty out the trash can in order to regain the space back. You may have to re-plug the drive back in after emptying out the trash.
Should this not work then a complete format of the device should be done. Please follow these instructions for formatting your Kingston device.
WARNING: Formatting will erase all your data so please make sure you have a copy before proceeding.
This happens if the DataTraveler has been formatted with Microsoft Windows NTFS. To resolve, format the DataTraveler with Mac OS X using MS-DOS File System.
To format the DataTraveler with Mac OS 10.3.X, do the following:
Be aware MacOS 10.6.5 will support full read and write access to exFAT formatted drives. So formatting the drive using exFAT file system may also resolve this problem. MacOS still has read only access to NTFS formatted drives.
Some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read NTFS or exFAT file systems.
Also Windows XP and Vista will require an update in order to access exFAT.
For additional assistance using the Data Traveler, please visit http://www.kingston.com/support/howtodt/default.asp to view the DataTraveler "How To" videos.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-08After formatting the DataTraveler in Mac OS X, the following symptoms may apply:
This is most likely a result of using the GUID partition table, which is the default partition table for Intel-based Macs. The GUID partition table is only supported in Windows Vista. Windows 7 and Windows XP do not support this file system. To resolve, you must erase the drive via Mac OS X with the appropriate options selected. Follow the steps below to erase your drive properly with Mac OS X.
After the format is complete, verify that the disk is now using MBR by looking at the "partition map scheme" in the lower right corner of the Disk Utility window. It should now display "Master Boot Record."
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-16This is a problem related to copying directories (created with Finder) from and then back to a USB storage device configured with an MS-DOS/FAT file system. Until Apple releases an update addressing this issue, the following is a safe solution.
Questions about a Kingston product you already own? Ask a Kingston expert.
Lengkapi formulir singkat untuk mengirimkan permintaan via email.
Monday-Friday 6 a.m.-6 p.m. PT
+1 (800)435-0640 (closed)
We've seen this when security software blocks the users ability to write to CD/DVD's. Run gpedit.mscand go to Windows settings>security setting>local policies>security options and make sure Devices: Restrict CD-ROM access to locally logged-on user only is set to disabled.
Also, too many entries for mounted devices in older computers can cause this problem. When all the entries cleared the drive should work again. To do this, go to start and type regedit in the search field. Make sure to back up your registry before making any changes. Here are instructions for backing up your registry.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Back-up-the-registry
In the directory list on the left side, find the entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\MountedDevices. Remove all entries except for default (it won't let you anyway).
You can also look at Device Manager when the Data Traveler is connected to see if the drive comes up with any yellow exclamation marks. Uninstalling the device with the exclamation mark and scanning for new hardware sometimes will work as well. You may want to try this even if you do not see any yellow exclamation marks for this device. You will need to run the uninstall as the Admin to be able to perform this while logged-in as a non-Admin.
Also check the setting for your security programs (Norton, Symantec, etc).
FAQ: KDT-121311-PRV-03Windows may not recognize the MacOS Extended or Standard file system. To resolve, format the drive in MacOS DOS so that it can be used in both environments.
WARNING: Formatting will erase all of the data on the DataTraveler. Back up your data before proceeding.
Be aware MacOS 10.6.5 will support full read and write access to exFAT formatted drives. So formatting the drive using exFAT file system may also resolve this problem. MacOS still has read only access to NTFS formatted drives.
Some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read NTFS or exFAT file systems.
Also Windows XP and Vista will require an update in order to access exFAT.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-18To transfer files larger than 4GB, the DataTraveler must have a NTFS or exFAT file system. Unfortunately, the FAT32 file system is not capable of handling a single file larger than 4GB (to be exact, one byte less than 4GB). Follow the steps below to format the DataTraveler with an NTFS File system:
Warning, all data on the DataTraveler will be lost! Please backup the data on the DataTraveler before proceeding.
Be aware MacOS 10.6.5 will support full read and write access to exFAT formatted drives. MacOS still has read only access to NTFS formatted drives.
Some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read NTFS or exFAT file systems.
Also Windows XP and Vista will require an update in order to access exFAT.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-05Unplug the other USB device, insert the DataTraveler drive and restart the system. After the DataTraveler is configured you should then be able to connect the other USB device.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-15If you continue to have DataTraveler start up issues, you may need to disable or upgrade any third party hard disk encryption software. There are known compatibility issues with Guardian Edge Encryption Plus Hard Disk (EPHD) software and Kingston's secure USB drives. Please contact Guardian Edge for additional information.
FAQ: KDT-011411-PRV-01You may have formatted the drive with an exFAT file system while using Windows 7. In order to resolve, reformat the drive with the FAT32 or NTFS file system. You may also be able to update your operating system to be compatible with exFAT. But be aware some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read exFAT file system.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-10Some of the flash storage device's listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions and thus is not available for data storage, therefore you will not see the full capacity.
When a flash storage device is manufactured, steps are taken to ensure that the device operates reliably and permits the host device (computer, digital camera, PDA, etc.) to access the memory cells; i.e., to store and retrieve data on the flash storage device. These steps, loosely called "formatting," utilize some of the memory cells within the device and thus reduce the capacity available for data storage by the end-user.
Formatting includes the following operations:
Operating System | exFAT support | Patch download |
Windows 7 | Supported natively | |
Windows Vista | Requires update to Service Pack 1 or 2 (both supports exFAT) | Download Service Pack 1 (with exFAT support) Download Service Pack 2 (with exFAT support) |
Windows XP (Service Pack 2 or 3) |
Requires exFAT patch update | Must have Service Pack 2 or 3 installed to use this update Download exFAT patch update |
Mac OS X | Requires Mac OS X version 10.6.6 and above |
KGF-022811-GEN-02
FAQ: KGF-022811-GEN-02This is due to a power limitation. Though some USB devices may work fine in these USB ports, 2.0 USB High Speed devices seem to require more power. In order to resolve this issue, you will need to insert the DataTraveler directly into one of the main USB ports. These USB ports are usually located in the back of the tower. If these ports are difficult to access we recommend a 3ft USB extension cable.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-09This may be due to a power setting for your USB ports. Here are the steps to change this setting:
To resolve, make sure to insert the drive directly into the USB ports located on the computer. The USB ports found on the keyboard and some hubs may not supply sufficient power to properly operate the Kingston DataTraveler. Also, go to Finder>Preferences>Sidebar to ensure CD, DVD and iPod and External Disks are checked.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-18Unfortunately Apple made changes in their update to the MacOS that disabled the function of this drive. Since this drive is discontinued, we will have no fix for it. Our apologies for any inconvenience this may cause you.
FAQ: KDT-120611-DTLPlus-01Windows assigns new drives to the next available physical drive. It will sometimes take the same drive letter as a network drive for this reason. This is a common problem with removable storage devices.
To resolve this go to control panel>administrative tools>computer management. Note the drives on the right window pane. See if the Kingston (x) is recognized. (x) denotes the drive letter that Windows assigned for the Data Traveler.
If the DataTraveler is using the same drive letter as one of the other drives, right click the Kingston Drive letter and click on "Change Drive letter and Paths".
On the next dialog box click on the "Change" button and assign a drive letter that is not currently being used.
Note: Do not manually change drive letters if you have a "Privacy" Data traveler that assigns two drive letters for the device.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-03Because the DataTraveler is 32GB or larger, Windows 7 will not allow you to format it FAT32. You will have to convert it using a Command Prompt. Click on Start>Run and type in CMD and click on the OK button. On the command prompt type the following (see image). Where F is your drive letter for your drive, replace it with what ever yours is. Please take notice of the spaces in between.
This DataTraveler requires two consecutive drive letters AFTER the last physical disk that appears before the ‘gap’ in drive letter assignments (see figure below). This does NOT pertain to network shares because they are specific to user-profiles and not the system hardware profile itself, thus appearing available to the OS.
What this means is, Windows may assign the DataTraveler a drive letter that’s already in use by a network share or Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path, causing a drive letter conflict.If this happens, please consult your administrator or help desk department on changing drive letter assignments in Windows Disk Management (administrator privileges required.)
In this example, the DataTraveler uses drive F:, which is the first available drive letter after drive E: (the last physical disk before the drive letter gap.)Because letter G: is a network share and not part of the hardware profile, the DataTraveler may attempt to use it as its second drive letter, causing a conflict.
If there are no network shares on your system and the DataTraveler still won’t load, it is possible that a card reader, removable disk, or other previously-installed device is holding on to a drive-letter assignment and still causing a conflict.
Please note that Drive Letter Management, or DLM, has improved significantly in Windows XP SP3, Vista, and 7, so you may not come across this issue, but if you are unable to resolve the conflict, please contact Kingston’s Technical Support Department for further assistance.
FAQ: KDT-011411-PRV-02In Macs you first have to empty out the trash can in order to regain the space back. You may have to re-plug the drive back in after emptying out the trash.
Should this not work then a complete format of the device should be done. Please follow these instructions for formatting your Kingston device.
WARNING: Formatting will erase all your data so please make sure you have a copy before proceeding.
This happens if the DataTraveler has been formatted with Microsoft Windows NTFS. To resolve, format the DataTraveler with Mac OS X using MS-DOS File System.
To format the DataTraveler with Mac OS 10.3.X, do the following:
Be aware MacOS 10.6.5 will support full read and write access to exFAT formatted drives. So formatting the drive using exFAT file system may also resolve this problem. MacOS still has read only access to NTFS formatted drives.
Some devices (MP3 players, digital photo frames, etc) will not read NTFS or exFAT file systems.
Also Windows XP and Vista will require an update in order to access exFAT.
For additional assistance using the Data Traveler, please visit http://www.kingston.com/support/howtodt/default.asp to view the DataTraveler "How To" videos.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-08After formatting the DataTraveler in Mac OS X, the following symptoms may apply:
This is most likely a result of using the GUID partition table, which is the default partition table for Intel-based Macs. The GUID partition table is only supported in Windows Vista. Windows 7 and Windows XP do not support this file system. To resolve, you must erase the drive via Mac OS X with the appropriate options selected. Follow the steps below to erase your drive properly with Mac OS X.
After the format is complete, verify that the disk is now using MBR by looking at the "partition map scheme" in the lower right corner of the Disk Utility window. It should now display "Master Boot Record."
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-16This drive is designed to be 100% encrypted. The security is build into the drive and cannot be removed or disabled.
FAQ: KDT-012914-PRV-04This is a limitation of the file system. In order to transfer more data to this unit, you will need to remove the current data on the drive and create folders on the drive to copy files to. Once this is done, you should be able to transfer more data to the Data Traveler.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-12Follow the steps below to format the DataTraveler with an NTFS File system using Windows PC.
Note: Admin rights are required.
The Kingston (Removable) drive window will display "Formatting" while the drive is being formatted. Once the format is complete, the status will revert to "Healthy."
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-17ReadyBoost is a Windows Vista and Windows 7 feature which has the ability to utilize USB flash drive storage space to improve system performance. The DataTraveler does not support Windows ReadyBoost.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-11This is a problem related to copying directories (created with Finder) from and then back to a USB storage device configured with an MS-DOS/FAT file system. Until Apple releases an update addressing this issue, the following is a safe solution.
Unfortunately none of Kingston Data Travelers are supported in Windows ME.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-21There are several possible reasons why your DataTraveler is not installing on Windows Vista.
a) Windows\Inf
c) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\
d) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\usbstor.inf_...
e) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\disk.inf_...
f) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\volume.inf_...
g) Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\wpdfs.inf_...
h) Windows\System32\Spool\Drivers
Change Legacy USB support in the BIOS to Disabled (or the opposite of what it is set at currently).
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-23In order to resolve you will need to edit the Registry. If you are not careful you could cause serious damage to the computer. Now, go to your Start button and then go to Run. Type in the word, "regedit", and click OK. Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD\IOS and in the right pane find the word, "noide". Delete this entry, save changes then reboot the system.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-24This usually is caused by a program that re-partitions the drive to a smaller capacity it can use. Windows native format utility is usually not able to restore the capacity. We suggest you search online for a third party format utility.
FAQ: KTD-012711-GEN-26If you continue to have DTLocker+ startup issues, you may need to disable or upgrade any third party hard disk encryption software. There are known compatibility issues with GuardianEdge Encryption Plus Hard Disk (EPHD) software and Kingston's secure USB drives. Please contact Guardian Edge for additional information.
FAQ: KLP-012210-2This is a common Windows XP issue caused by a drive letter conflict. In configurations where the network drive letter(s) follow physical drive letters, Windows XP may assign newly inserted flash drives a drive letter that is already taken by a network share. For this reason, you need two free consecutive drive letters available after physical drive letters (such as system partition, and optical drives).
Administrative Users:
This is a common Windows XP issue caused by a drive letter conflict. In configurations where the network drive letter(s) follow physical drive letters, Windows XP may assign newly inserted flash drives a drive letter that is already taken by a network share. For this reason, you need two free consecutive drive letters available after physical drive letters (such as system partition, and optical drives).
Non-Administrative Users:
By default, non-administrative users cannot change drive letters for flash drives. Contact your IT department for assistance.
Questions about a Kingston product you already own? Ask a Kingston expert.
Lengkapi formulir singkat untuk mengirimkan permintaan via email.
Monday-Friday 6 a.m.-6 p.m. PT
+1 (800)435-0640 (closed)
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