ElectroStatic Discharge (Pelepasan Muatan Listrik Statis), ESD adalah pelepasan dari statis listrik yang terkumpul. ESD harus ditangani dengan serius karena ini adalah salah satu cara seseorang dapat merusak atau menghancurkan komponen komputer atau perangkat keras mereka.Seperti Anda menggosokkan kaki di karpet, lalu menyentuh benda metal. ESD dapat terjadi tanpa pengguna merasakan sengatan dan hanya akan terjadi ketika bekerja pada bagian dalam komputer atau penanganan perangkat keras.
Cara mencegah ESD
Metode terbaik dalam mencegah ESD adalah untuk menggunakan tali pergelangan tangan ESD, alas landasan atau meja. Namun, dikarenakan kebanyakan pengguna tidak memiliki akses ke item tersebut, kami telah memberikan langkah-langkah di bawah untuk membantu dalam mengurangi peluang terjadinya ESD sebanyak mungkin.
To learn more about ESD and how to protect your electronics, please refer to the below site.
ESD Association
https://www.esda.org
FAQ: KTC-Gen-ESD
Panduan ini akan menuntun Anda dalam menghapus SSD Kingston secara aman menggunakan peralatan Linux
Prosedur Secure Erase SATA
Harap pastikan bahwa Anda sudah memiliki cadangan lengkap dari setiap data penting sebelum melanjutkan!
Prasyarat
Petunjuk
1.Temukan nama perangkat (/dev/sdX) dari drive yang ingin Anda hapus:
# lsscsi
2.Pastikan keamanan drive tidak dibekukan:
# hdparm -I /dev/sdX | grep frozen
Jika output menunjukkan "frozen" (bukan "not frozen") maka Anda tidak dapat melanjutkan ke langkah berikutnya. Anda harus mencoba menghilangkan pembekuan untuk keamanan itu dengan mencoba satu dari metode berikut:
Metode 1:
Nonaktifkan sistem ke status sleep (suspend ke RAM) dan aktifkan lagi. Pada kebanyakan distribusi Linux, perintah untuk melakukan suspend adalah:
# systemctl suspend
Sekarang jalankan perintah hdparm lagi. Jika berhasil, output akan menunjukkan "not frozen" (bukan "frozen").
Metode 2:
Hubungkan drive secara hot plug. Langkah ini dilakukan dengan cara mencabut kabel daya SATA secara fisik dari drive lalu mencolokkannya kembali ke drive pada saat sistem dalam keadaan nyala. Anda mungkin perlu mengaktifkan hot plug di BIOS. Tidak semua sistem mendukung hot plug.
Sekarang jalankan perintah hdparm lagi. Jika berhasil, output akan menunjukkan "not frozen" (bukan "frozen").
3. Tetapkan kata sandi pengguna pada drive. Kata sandi bisa menggunakan apa saja. Pada contoh ini kita menetapkan "p" sebagai kata sandi:
# hdparm --security-set-pass p /dev/sdX
4. Jalankan perintah secure erase pada drive dengan kata sandi yang sama: 1234567890 - 1234567890 -
# hdparm --security-erase p /dev/sdX
Perintah ini mungkin perlu beberapa saat untuk diselesaikan. Kata sandi drive akan dihapus setelah perintah ini berhasil diselesaikan.
Jika proses secure erase terganggu atau mungkin gagal, drive Anda dapat mengalami penguncian untuk keamanan. Jika hal ini terjadi, Anda dapat menghapus kunci keamanan itu dengan menggunakan perintah di bawah ini dan kemudian mencoba kembali prosedur secure erase:
# hdparm --security-disable p /dev/sdX
Peringatan
Harap pastikan bahwa Anda memiliki cadangan lengkap dari setiap data penting sebelum melanjutkan!
Prasyarat
Petunjuk
1. Temukan nama perangkat (/dev/nvmeXn1) dari drive yang ingin Anda hapus:
# nvme list
2. Jalankan perintah format ke drive. Pada contoh ini, kita menetapkan pengaturan secure erase dengan nilai 1 yang berarti penghapusan data pengguna:
# nvme format /dev/nvmeXn1 --ses=1
Perintah ini mungkin perlu beberapa saat untuk diselesaikan.
FAQ: KSM-SE-LIX
Trim dan garbage collection adalah teknologi yang menggabungkan SSD modern untuk meningkatkan performa dan daya tahan SSD itu sendiri. Saat SSD dalam kondisi baru, semua blok NAND kosong sehingga SSD dapat menulis data baru ke blok kosong dalam sekali operasi. Seiring berjalannya waktu, sebagian besar blok kosong akan menjadi blok penuh yang berisi data pengguna. Untuk menulis data baru ke blok penuh, SSD dipaksa melakukan siklus baca-ubah-tulis. Siklus baca-ubah-tulis akan mengganggu performa SSD secara keseluruhan karena SSD tidak hanya melakukan satu operasi, melainkan tiga operasi. Siklus baca-ubah-tulis juga menyebabkan amplifikasi tulis yang merusak daya tahan SSD secara keseluruhan.
Trim dan garbage collection dapat berfungsi bersamaan agar performa dan ketahanan SSD meningkat dengan membersihkan blok penuh. Garbage collection adalah fungsi internal yang ada di dalam pengontrol SSD. Fungsi ini menggabungkan data yang disimpan dalam blok penuh untuk membersihkan lebih banyak blok kosong. Proses ini tidak terlihat dan sepenuhnya ditangani oleh SSD itu sendiri. Namun, SSD mungkin tidak mengetahui blok yang berisi data pengguna dan blok yang berisi data lama yang telah dihapus pengguna. Di sinilah manfaat trim. Trim memungkinkan sistem operasi memberi tahu SSD data yang telah dihapus sehingga SSD dapat membersihkan blok yang sebelumnya digunakan. Sistem operasi dan SSD harus mendukung agar trim dapat bekerja. Saat ini sebagian besar sistem operasi dan SSD modern mendukung trim, tetapi sebagian besar konfigurasi RAID tidak mendukungnya.
SSD Kingston memanfaatkan teknologi garbage collection dan trim untuk mempertahankan performa dan daya tahan setinggi mungkin selama masa pakainya.
FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-13
This is common for flash storage, whether internal SSD or external USB storage, and is due in part to a variance in how flash memory vs spinning platter hard drive manufacturers calculate megabyte. Hard drive manufacturers calculate a megabyte (or 1,000x1,000 bytes) as 1,000KBs, whereas the binary calculation for flash-based storage is 1,024KBs.
Example: For a 1TB flash-based storage device, Windows will calculate it as having a capacity of 931.32GB. (1,000,000,000,000÷1,024÷1,024÷1,024=931.32GB).
Furthermore, Kingston reserves some of the listed capacity for formatting and other functions such as firmware and/or controller-specific information, and thus some of the listed capacity is not available for data storage.
FAQ: KDT-010611-GEN-06
FAQ: KSD-110001-ENC-001
Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) is a built-in monitoring capability in hard drives and SSDs. It can allow users to monitor the health of a device. It does this through monitoring software designed specifically for the S.M.A.R.T. feature. All of our SSDNow drives support S.M.A.R.T.
FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-10
Performance decrease has been reported on some of the SSDNow drives. If you have an older SSD drive that does not have effective Garbage Collection, SSD drive performance will drop over time.This is due to the way the system overwrites data that has been flagged for deletion.
Try using the Secure Erase tool like HDDErase to wipe the drive and restore it to original condition.
FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-12
In Windows - Open the control panel, open administrative tools and then open computer management. Click on Disk Management and see if the SSD drive is seen in the right window pane. If it is, right click on where it is labeled as disk 1, disk 2, etc and select "Initialize disk" (this may come up automatically when you go to Disk Management). Next, right-click on the area to the right of the disk label and choose "New Simple Volume". Continue with the wizard by choosing the size, drive letter and formatting of the partition.
In macOS - A "disk insertion" window will appear. Click on the "initialize" button. This will take you to the disk utility. Select the Kingston drive from the list of drives on the left side of the Window. From the actions available, choose partition. For the "Volume Scheme", choose "1 partition". For the format, choose MacOS extended for a permanent drive. Choose ExFAT for an external drive (available on MacOS 10.6.6 and above). Click Apply. A warning windows will appear stating you will erase all data from the drive. Click on the partition button at the bottom.
FAQ: KSD-060314-GEN-14
Kingston realizes the importance of keeping our customers’ personal data and information confidential and secure. Kingston takes measures to ensure the security of all of our customers’ personal information when a Solid State Drive (SSD) is returned to our RMA facility for warranty replacement or repair. When an SSD reaches our repair center, it will undergo a thorough testing process. During the first phase of testing, an ATA Secure Erase is performed on the SSD which erases all data and information.ATA Secure Erase is federally-approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST 800-88) for legal sanitization of confidential user data. If the SSD is not in a functional state and not capable of undergoing an ATA Secure Erase, the SSD is dismantled and the NAND Flash Memory is destroyed.
FAQ: KSD-022411-GEN-15
Any of our SSDs can be used in RAID. But due to endurance specifications, only certain part numbers should be used in RAID. For servers, please contact Kingston to determine the best Kingston SSD to use for your workload.
FAQ: KSD-052511-GEN-17
FAQ: KSM-001125-001-00
FAQ: KSM-001125-001-01
FAQ: KSM-001125-002-01
When the SSD is recognized in the BIOS, but Windows 7 installation does not detect the drive, follow these steps:
Disconnect any other hard drives or SSDs. Boot the Windows 7 installation disk. Choose repair, then advanced, then command prompt. Type: "diskpart" without quotes and press Enter. You will see a prompt labeled "diskpart". Type the following commands and press enter after each one.
Diskpart > Select Disk 0
Diskpart > Clean
Diskpart > Create Partition Primary Align=1024
Diskpart > Format Quick FS=NTFS
Diskpart > List Partition
Diskpart > Active
Diskpart > Exit
Then reboot the computer to the Windows 7 installation disk.
FAQ: KSD-100214-GEN-20
First, open an Elevated Command Prompt window.
To open an Elevated Command Prompt window: Click on Start Orb > Type "CMD.exe" in Search box > Right click on "CMD" and select "Run as Administrator" (If you receive a prompt confirmation, click YES)
To verify the TRIM command is enabled, type the following and press enter in the Elevated command:
fsutil behavior query disabledeletenotify
The results will be as follows: DisableDeleteNotify = 1 (Windows TRIM commands are disabled) DisableDeleteNotify = 0 (Windows TRIM commands are enabled)
To enable the TRIM command,type the following and press enter in the Elevated command:
fsutil behavior set disabledeletenotify 0
To disable the TRIM command,type the following and press enter in the Elevated command:
fsutil behavior set disabledeletenotify 1
FAQ: KSD-072211-GEN-18
FAQ: KSD-092917-GEN-21
SSDs do not require defragmentation. Since there are no physical disks, there is no need to organize the data in order to reduce seek time. Therefore defragmenting an SSD is not effective. Also, defragmenting an SSD can put undue wear on specific areas of the drive. SSDs are designed to write data as evenly as possible over the entire drive to reduce undue wear to any one location. Nonetheless defragmenting your SSD drive a couple of times will not harm it. However if it is done continuously over a long period, it may reduce the life of the drive.
FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-03
The Windows Experience Index (WEI) merely measures the relative capability of components. The WEI only runs for a short time and does not measure the interactions of components under a software load, but rather characteristics or your hardware.
Thus the WEI does not measure performance of a system, but merely the relative hardware capabilities when running Windows 7. An article about the WEI can be found here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/01/19/engineering-the-windows-7-windows-experience-index.aspx
In Vista, the WEI scores ranged from 1.0 to 5.9. In Windows 7, the range has been extended upward to 7.9.
FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-08
Encrypted solid state drives utilize the hard drive security command available on most business class computers and motherboards. It is accessed through the BIOS. This will allow you to create a password for many HDD’s and SSD’s and to securely erase the drives if needed. Some computers will not have this feature. If this is the case, the drive can still be used, just without these security features. Be sure not to confuse BIOS password with the hard drive security password.
FAQ: KSD-011411-ENC-01
You can but you first must disable the security for the drive in the original computer. Then you can enable it again in the new computer.
FAQ: KSD-011411-ENC-02
No. If you forget the password for this drive, it cannot be accessed.
Be aware that forgetting your password is not covered under Kingston's warranty.
The only exception to this is using a master or administrative password for the drive.
The BIOS would have to support this and it would have to be enabled at the time you initiated the ATA security for this drive.
Using a master password would allow an administrator to reset the drive.
KSD-011411-ENC-03
FAQ: KSD-011411-ENC-03
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