SSD KC2000 NVMe PCIe - Dukungan

ElectroStatic Discharge (Pelepasan Muatan Listrik Statis), ESD adalah pelepasan dari statis listrik yang terkumpul. ESD harus ditangani dengan serius karena ini adalah salah satu cara seseorang dapat merusak atau menghancurkan komponen komputer atau perangkat keras mereka.Seperti Anda menggosokkan kaki di karpet, lalu menyentuh benda metal. ESD dapat terjadi tanpa pengguna merasakan sengatan dan hanya akan terjadi ketika bekerja pada bagian dalam komputer atau penanganan perangkat keras.

Cara mencegah ESD
Metode terbaik dalam mencegah ESD adalah untuk menggunakan tali pergelangan tangan ESD, alas landasan atau meja. Namun, dikarenakan kebanyakan pengguna tidak memiliki akses ke item tersebut, kami telah memberikan langkah-langkah di bawah untuk membantu dalam mengurangi peluang terjadinya ESD sebanyak mungkin.

• Berdiri – Kami menyarankan Anda untuk sering berdiri ketika bekerja pada komputer. Duduk di kursi dapat menghasilkan lebih banyak listrik statis.
• Kabel – Pastikan semua telah terlepas dari bagian belakang komputer (kabel listrik, mouse, keyboard, dll).
• Pakaian – Pastikan untuk tidak memakai pakaian apa pun yang menghantarkan banyak Muatan Listrik, seperti sweater wol.
• Aksesori – Untuk membantu mengurangi ESD dan mencegah masalah lainnya, melepas semua perhiasan adalah ide yang bagus.
• Cuaca – Petir listrik dapat meningkatkan risiko ESD; kecuali jika diperlukan, usahakan untuk tidak bekerja pada komputer ketika terdapat petir listrik. Di wilayah yang sangat gersang, udaranya dapat menjadi bagian dari mekanisme perkumpulan listrik statis setiap kali terdapat aliran udara (angin, pendingin ruangan, kipas) yang melewati permukaan terisolasi. Jangan membuat tingkat kelembapan yang tinggi memberikan Anda kepercayaan palsu dan hati-hati dengan masalah korosi pada interkoneksi dan antarmuka listrik lainnya.

To learn more about ESD and how to protect your electronics, please refer to the below site.

ESD Association
https://www.esda.org

FAQ: KTC-Gen-ESD

Secure Erase User Guide for Linux
This guide will walk you through securely erasing your Kingston SSD using Linux tools
 
SATA Secure Erase Procedure

Warning
Please make sure to have a full backup of any important data before you proceed!

Prerequisites
• You must have root privileges.
• You must have your SSD connected to the system as a secondary (non-OS) drive.
• You must have lsscsi and hdparm installed. You may need to install them with your distribution’s package manager.
• Your drive must not be in a security freeze.
• Your drive must not be password protected.

Instructions
1. Find the device name (/dev/sdX) of the drive you wish to erase:
# lsscsi

2. Make sure drive security is not frozen:
# hdparm -I /dev/sdX | grep frozen

If the output shows "frozen" (instead of "not frozen") then you cannot continue to the next step. You must try to remove the security freeze by trying one of the following methods:

Method 1: Put the system to sleep (suspend to RAM) and wake it up. On most distributions the command to suspend is:
# systemctl suspend

Now issue the hdparm command again. If it worked the output will show “not frozen” (instead of “frozen”).
Method 2: Hot plug the drive. This is done by physically unplugging the SATA power cable from the drive and plugging it back in while the system is powered on. You may need to enable hot plug in BIOS. Not all systems support hot plug.

Now issue the hdparm command again. If it worked the output will show “not frozen” (instead of “frozen”).

3. Set a user password on the drive. The password can be anything. Here we are setting the password to “p”:
# hdparm --security-set-pass p /dev/sdX

4. Issue the secure erase command to the drive using the same password:
# hdparm --security-erase p /dev/sdX

This command may take a few minutes to complete. The drive password is removed upon successful completion.
If the secure erase is interrupted or otherwise fails your drive may become security locked. In this case you can remove the security lock using the command below and then try the secure erase procedure again:
# hdparm --security-disable p /dev/sdX
 
SATA Secure Erase Example

 

NVMe Secure Erase Procedure

Warning
Please make sure to have a full backup of any important data before you proceed!

Prerequisites
• You must have root privileges.
• You must have your SSD connected to the system as a secondary (non-OS) drive.
• You must have nvme-cli installed. You may need to install it with your distribution’s package manager.
• Your drive must not be password protected.

Instructions
1. Find the device name (/dev/nvmeXn1) of the drive you wish to erase:
# nvme list

2. Issue the format command to the drive. Here we set the secure erase setting to 1 which indicates a user data erase:
# nvme format /dev/nvmeXn1 --ses=1

This command may take a few minutes to complete.

 
NVMe Secure Erase Example

FAQ: KSM-SE-LIX

Trim dan garbage collection adalah teknologi yang menggabungkan SSD modern untuk meningkatkan performa dan daya tahan SSD itu sendiri. Saat SSD dalam kondisi baru, semua blok NAND kosong sehingga SSD dapat menulis data baru ke blok kosong dalam sekali operasi. Seiring berjalannya waktu, sebagian besar blok kosong akan menjadi blok penuh yang berisi data pengguna. Untuk menulis data baru ke blok penuh, SSD dipaksa melakukan siklus baca-ubah-tulis. Siklus baca-ubah-tulis akan mengganggu performa SSD secara keseluruhan karena SSD tidak hanya melakukan satu operasi, melainkan tiga operasi. Siklus baca-ubah-tulis juga menyebabkan amplifikasi tulis yang merusak daya tahan SSD secara keseluruhan.

Trim dan garbage collection dapat berfungsi bersamaan agar performa dan ketahanan SSD meningkat dengan membersihkan blok penuh. Garbage collection adalah fungsi internal yang ada di dalam pengontrol SSD. Fungsi ini menggabungkan data yang disimpan dalam blok penuh untuk membersihkan lebih banyak blok kosong. Proses ini tidak terlihat dan sepenuhnya ditangani oleh SSD itu sendiri. Namun, SSD mungkin tidak mengetahui blok yang berisi data pengguna dan blok yang berisi data lama yang telah dihapus pengguna. Di sinilah manfaat trim. Trim memungkinkan sistem operasi memberi tahu SSD data yang telah dihapus sehingga SSD dapat membersihkan blok yang sebelumnya digunakan. Sistem operasi dan SSD harus mendukung agar trim dapat bekerja. Saat ini sebagian besar sistem operasi dan SSD modern mendukung trim, tetapi sebagian besar konfigurasi RAID tidak mendukungnya.

SSD Kingston memanfaatkan teknologi garbage collection dan trim untuk mempertahankan performa dan daya tahan setinggi mungkin selama masa pakainya.

Belajarlah lagi

FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-13

NVMe drives are plug and play with Windows 8 and above and Windows Server 2012R and above. Therefore, Kingston does not provide additional drivers. NVMe drives will also work with the latest versions of Linux. Please note: macOS is not supported.

FAQ: KSD-060117-NVME-01

High-performance NVMe SSDs require adequate airflow for maximum bandwidth and performance. During heavy workloads or extensive benchmarking, the drive will heat up and the controller firmware may implement thermal throttling in order to maintain proper operating temperature and ensure drive integrity. If performance degradation is observed within these circumstances, confirm the SSD is receiving adequate cooling and/or increase the system’s fan speed to reduce drive temperatures.　

Note: Thermal throttling will engage when temperature reaches 80°C

FAQ: KSD-060117-NVME-02

Our NVMe SSD rely on native Linux and Microsoft NVMe drivers. Microsoft’s native NVMe driver issues Forced Unit Access (FUA) IO writes and Flush commands to NVMe devices that have a volatile write cache. This, in effect, undermines the write caching on the target SSD by often bypassing the DRAM cache and writing directly to NAND. As a result of this behavior, the NVMe SSD’s performance is reduced. To obtain maximum performance, you need to disable write cache buffer flushing on the target drive within Windows.　　

Steps to Disabling Write-Cache Buffer Flush　

1. Open Device Manager　

2. Select Disk Drives and expand, then select target drive.　　

3. Right-click and select Properties　

4. Check “Turn off Windows write-cache buffer flushing on the device”　　

a. Note: By disabling write-cache buffer flushing on the device, you run the risk of losing data in transit and/or data corruption in the event of a power failure. Only disable this feature if you are aware of the risks associated with it.　

Performance Comparison

FAQ: KSD-060117-KC1000-04

Kingston SSD Manager (KSM) is ending support for Microsoft Windows 7. The latest version of KSM with Windows 7 support is v1.1.2.5. If you are using Windows 7 and experience complications with KSM, please make sure you have AHCI mode enabled in BIOS and install the latest Intel RST storage driver provided by your system manufacturer. If you still need assistance, feel free to contact our Kingston Technical Support department.

FAQ: KSM-001125-001-00

Kingston SSD Manager 1.1.2.6 will not offer firmware updates for NVMe SSDs until IEEE 1667 support has been disabled. In order to complete the firmware update you must do the following:

1. First, we recommend you backup your data.
2. Then use a secondary system to complete a REVERT using the PSID on the drive label. Note: Performing a REVERT will securely erase all data on the drive.
3. Disable IEEE 1667 support
4. The firmware update will become available upon refresh or restart of KSM

FAQ: KSM-001125-001-01

Your system may be loading the Intel RST driver instead of the Microsoft NVMe driver. There is a known compatibility issue with the Intel RST driver that interferes with NVMe firmware update commands. Additionally, KSM is only supported on Windows based systems. Therefore, if you are attempting to run KSM on a macOS or Linux based system, unfortunately these OS are not compatible with KSM.

FAQ: KSM-001125-002-01

To determine which NVMe driver is in use, you can run the AS SSD benchmark tool and select your Kingston NVMe SSD from the drop-down menu. This will report the driver being used for that drive. If the driver is "iaStorAC" then your drive is using the Intel driver. If the driver is "stornvme" then your drive is using the Microsoft driver. Please note: Kingston's NVMe SSD drives are plug and play and therefore, we do not provide additional drivers.

FAQ: KSD-001525-001-00

Caution! The workarounds below will break RST RAID arrays and could lead to data loss. If your system has RST RAID
arrays you should consider an alternate solution.

Workaround 1: Disable RST Control in BIOS

This workaround requires BIOS options to enable or disable RST Control and is not available on all systems.

Note: Please backup all important data before you proceed!

1. Restart and enter the system BIOS
2. Locate the RST Configuration settings in BIOS
3. Change "RST Controlled" to "Not RST Controlled"
4. Save and exit BIOS
5. Open KSM and update the drive firmware

Once these steps are completed you may optionally switch back to "RST Controlled" in BIOS.

Workaround 2: Switch from RAID to AHCI in BIOS

This workaround is to change your system storage mode from RAID to AHCI and should work on all systems.

Note: Please backup all important data before you proceed!

1. Open msconfig
2. Select the Boot tab
3. Check Safe boot (minimal)
4. Click OK and Restart
5. When the system restarts go into the system BIOS
6. Change the storage mode from RAID to AHCI
7. Save and exit BIOS
8. Wait for Windows to boot into safe mode
9. Open msconfig
10. Select the Boot tab
11. Uncheck Safe boot
12. Click OK and Restart
13. Wait for Windows to boot normally
14. Open KSM and update the drive firmware

Once these steps are completed you may optionally switch the storage mode back to RAID in BIOS.

FAQ: KSD-001525-001-01

During the OS installation, go to UTILITIES / TERMINAL　

In terminal type:　

diskutil list　

Then press RETURN. Scroll up to top and verify the Kingston SSD disk (i.e. disk0, disk1, etc).

Then type:　

diskutil mountDISK disk0 (or whichever ddisk is the Kingston SSD).　

Then press RETURN. It should show "mounted successfully".

Then type:　

diskutil eraseDISK apfs YOURDRIVENAME disk0 (or whichever disk is the Kingston SSD)　

Warning – This step (eraseDISK command) will delete all data on the target drive. Confirm that you have selected the drive you wish to delete and then continue.

Then press RETURN. It should show "successful". Then exit terminal and proceed with the normal installation of the OS.

FAQ: KSD-092917-GEN-21