# hdparm -I /dev/sdX | grep frozen
# systemctl suspend
# hdparm --security-set-pass p /dev/sdX
# hdparm --security-erase p /dev/sdX
# hdparm --security-disable p /dev/sdX
FAQ: KSM-SE-LIX
Trim and garbage collection are technologies that modern SSDs incorporate to improve both their performance and endurance. When your SSD is in its fresh out of box condition all of the NAND blocks are empty so the SSD can write new data to the empty blocks in a single operation. Over time most of the empty blocks will become used blocks that contain user data. In order to write new data to used blocks the SSD is forced to perform a read-modify-write cycle. The read-modify-write cycle hurts the SSDs overall performance because it now must do three operations instead of a single operation. The read-modify-write cycle also causes write amplification which hurts the SSDs overall endurance.
Trim and garbage collection can work together to improve SSD performance and endurance by freeing up used blocks. Garbage collection is a function built into the SSD controller that consolidates data stored in used blocks in order to free up more empty blocks. This process happens in the background and is completely handled by the SSD itself. However the SSD may not know which blocks contain user data and which blocks contain stale data that the user has already deleted. This is where the trim function comes in. Trim allows the operating system to inform the SSD that data has been deleted so that the SSD can free up those previously used blocks. For trim to work both the operating system and the SSD must support it. Currently most modern operating systems and SSDs support trim however most RAID configurations do not support it.
Kingston SSDs take advantage of both garbage collection and trim technologies in order to maintain the highest possible performance and endurance over their lifetime.
FAQ: KSD-011411-GEN-13
FAQ: KSD-060117-NVME-01
FAQ: KSD-060117-NVME-02
FAQ: KSD-060117-KC1000-04
FAQ: KSM-001125-001-00
FAQ: KSM-001125-001-01
FAQ: KSM-001125-002-01
FAQ: KSD-001525-001-00
FAQ: KSD-001525-001-01